Search results for "ajan filosofia"
showing 10 items of 12 documents
A transcription of MS Vatican, Borgh. 129: Gualterus Burlaeus Expositio super libros Politicorum, lib. 1, tract. 1, cap. 1
2021
This is a transcription of the beginning of Walter Burley’s (c. 1275–after 1344) commentary on Aristotle’s Politics (book one, tractate one, chapter one). The transcription reproduces the text of Vatican, MS Borgh. 129, fol. 1r–148v (here fol. 2rb–6va), which has been accessed in a high quality digital reproduction in colour. The commentary has been dated between 1338/39 and 1342. The transcription includes two apparatuses. The first of them is dedicated to references, mainly to Aristotle’s Politics. The other apparatus is for critical notes, and its main function is to reproduce marginalia. The manuscript contains several corrections by another hand (marked here as V1), and since these cor…
“Like Ants in a Colony We Do Our Share”: Political Animals in Medieval Philosophy
2021
This chapter discusses the reception of the Aristotelian concept of ‘political animal’ in thirteenth and fourteenth century Latin philosophy. Aristotle thought that there are other political animals besides human beings, and his idea of what it means to be a political animal was partially based on biological needs and desires that lead animals to live together. By analysing what medieval philosophers thought of other political animals - such as ants, bees, and cranes - and of the biological basis of the political nature of humans, the chapter elaborates on the precise meaning of the concept of political animal. It is argued that biological aspects play a significant role in medieval views, …
Cognitive Dispositions in the Psychology of Peter John Olivi
2018
This chapter discusses Peter John Olivi’s (1248–1298) conception of the role of dispositions (habitus) in sensory cognition from metaphysical and psychological perspectives. It shows that Olivi makes a distinction between two general types of disposition. Some of them account for the ease, or difficulty, with which different persons use their cognitive powers, while others explain why people react differently to things that they perceive or think. This distinction is then applied to Olivi’s analysis of three different psychological operations, where the notion of disposition figures prominently; estimative perception, perceptual clarity, and the perception of pain and pleasure. The chapter …
Hetkiä elämän virrasta : kerronnallinen ja kokemuksellinen aika Joki-elokuvassa
2016
Hetkia elaman virrasta. Kerronnallinen ja kokemuksellinen aika Joki -elokuvassa Jarmo Lampelan elokuvassa Joki (Suomi 2001) kerrotaan kuusi samanaikaista, toisiaan sivuavaa tarinaa, joissa joukko pikkukaupungin ihmisia joutuu valintojen eteen tai kohtaamaan elaman mullistavia asioita. Eri-ikaisten henkilohahmojensa kautta Joki piirtaa esiin koko elamankaaren. Artikkelissa Jokea tarkastellaan ajan nakokulmasta kiinnittamalla huomiota ajan eri tasoihin ja ulottuvuuksiin. Aikaa tarkastellaan yhtaalta osana elokuvan muotoa ja toisaalta katsojan ja elokuvan valisessa kohtaamisessa syntyvana ilmiona. Lisaksi kysytaan, miten Joki filosofisen sisaltonsa kautta tematisoi aikaan liittyvia kysymyksia.…
Bene vivere politice
2022
Abstract This chapter approaches the question of biopolitics in ancient political thought looking not at specific political techniques but at notions of the final aim of the political community. It argues that the “happiness” (eudaimonia, beatitudo) that constitutes the greatest human good in the tradition from Aristotle to Thomas Aquinas is not a “biopolitical” ideal, but rather a metabiopolitical one, consisting in a contemplative activity situated above and beyond the biological and the political. It is only with Thomas Hobbes that civic happiness becomes “biopolitically” identified with simple survival; for modernity, as Hannah Arendt puts it, mere being alive becomes the greatest human…
Perceiving Many Things Simultaneously : Medieval Reception of an Aristotelian Problem
2022
Freedom and responsibility in Avicenna
2022
It is still a matter of some debate whether Avicenna grounds moral responsibility in a robust notion of free will. In this contribution, I will first delve into Avicenna’s theory of voluntary agency, arguing that he holds voluntary agency to be responsive to reasons but also thoroughly determined by the agent’s beliefs concerning the relevant goals, instruments, and qualifying circumstances. Since these beliefs in turn are caused, it seems that there is little room for a causally undetermined will in Avicenna’s theory. I will conclude by considering the question of whether Avicenna is some kind of compatibilist concerning the relation between determinism and responsibility. peerReviewed
Internalismi, eksternalismi ja keskiaikainen havaintofilosofia
2017
Internalismin ja eksternalismin välisellä erottelulla on nykyepistemologiassa keskeinen asema, ja käsiteparia käytetään myös mielentilojen sisältöä koskevissa keskusteluissa. Erottelun keskeinen ajatus on yksinkertainen. Internalismi esittää, että intentionaalinen mielentila (havainto, uskomus ja niin edelleen) voidaan identifioida ottamatta subjektin suhdetta ulkomaailmaan millään tavalla huomioon. Mielentila on syntymisensä jälkeen itsenäinen, ja se voidaan tunnistaa pelkästään subjektille sisäisten tekijöiden perusteella. Eksternalismi puolestaan perustuu ajatukseen, että mielentilat ovat välttämättä suhteessa ympäristöön eikä niitä voi niiden syntymisen jälkeenkään identifioida viittaam…
Medieval Commentators on Simultaneous Perception : An Edition of Commentaries on Aristotle's De sensu et sensato 7
2021
The Active Nature of the Soul in Sense Perception: Robert Kilwardby and Peter Olivi
2010
This article discusses the theories of perception of Robert Kilwardby and Peter of John Olivi. Our aim is to show how in challenging certain assumptions of medieval Aristotelian theories of perception they drew on Augustine and argued for the active nature of the soul in sense perception. For both Kilwardby and Olivi, the soul is not passive with respect to perceived objects; rather, it causes its own cognitive acts with respect to external objects and thus allows the subject to perceive them. We also show that Kilwardby and Olivi differ substantially regarding where the activity of the soul is directed to and the role of the sensible species in the process, and we demonstrate that there ar…